{"id":902,"date":"2019-04-07T09:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-04-07T13:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/?p=902"},"modified":"2020-07-16T11:17:31","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T15:17:31","slug":"a-dna-barcoding-review-of-the-entomofauna-of-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/research\/a-dna-barcoding-review-of-the-entomofauna-of-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"A DNA Barcoding Review of the Entomofauna of Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22″ background_blend=”multiply”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” subhead=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9leGNlcnB0Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJ3b3JkcyI6IiIsInJlYWRfbW9yZV9sYWJlbCI6IiJ9fQ==@” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”title,subhead” content_font=”||||||||” content_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.8)” subhead_font=”||on||||||” subhead_text_color=”#ffffff” subhead_font_size=”16px” background_color=”rgba(168,211,103,0)” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#000000″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(145,32,30,0.93)” background_color_gradient_end_position=”70%” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Zalat_FigMain.png” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ max_width=”95%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-20px||20px” hover_enabled=”0″ box_shadow_style=”preset1″ title_text=”Zalat_FigMain”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22″ custom_padding=”0|0px|7px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0|0px|27px|0px|false|false” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px”]Egyptian hornet wasp (Vespa orientalis<\/em>) predating on Dermaptera (Labidura sp.<\/em>).\nPHOTO CREDIT: Mohamed Gamal<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″]

E<\/span>gypt has more than 23,587 identified plant and animal species in addition to thousands of algae, bacteria, and viruses1<\/sup>, and this unique biodiversity contributes to Egypt\u2019s economy and supports the welfare of its citizens. Agricultural production accounts for more than 10 per cent of Egypt\u2019s GDP while tourism revenues from marine activities on the Red Sea represent more than 30 billion LE annually. Protecting threatened species such as dolphins, sharks, and dugong contribute by more than 61 million LE per year and the marine fish production is estimated to be worth 5 billion LE2<\/sup>. Therefore, Egypt has paid particular attention to the conservation and legislative protection of its natural heritage.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||”]

Joining its International Barcode of Life (iBOL) partners, Egypt has been using DNA barcoding to better understand and plan for protection of biodiversity. So far, Egypt has published 20,980 DNA barcode sequence records, 25 per cent (5,368) of which have species names that represent 695 species.<\/p>\n

In this review, we present an overview of the DNA barcoding carried out on the Egyptian entomofauna and introduce current advances of this promising technique. This review focuses on three main areas that highlight studies investigating insect diversity and distribution, insects in forensic applications as well as pest and parasite dynamics.<\/p>\n

Insect diversity and distribution: <\/strong>DNA barcoding has been used to investigate the genetic diversity of Egyptian wasp populations with a wide geographical range3<\/sup>. Three species, Vespa orientalis<\/em>, Polistes bucharensis<\/em>, and Polistes mongolicus<\/em> were accurately identified by their DNA barcodes with the COI phylogenetic signal revealing interesting insights across Jordan, Giza, Cyprus, and Greece.\u00a0Despite the wide geographical range, only minor genetic diversity was observed among populations of the three wasp species, indicating unrestricted gene flow.\u00a0<\/p>\n

DNA barcoding has also been used in a larger-scale insect diversity investigation in the understudied Saharo-Arabian zoogeographic region, revealing significant heterogeneity between Egypt, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia4<\/sup>. The year-long deployment of Malaise traps in these countries collected 53,092 specimens, including 18,391 from Egypt. The DNA barcode sequences revealed the occurrence of 3,682 BINs belonging to 254 families. These results reflect the high species richness of the area, encouraging further research into biodiversity monitoring for the region.<\/p>\n

Insects in forensic applications: <\/strong>The Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority, the leading authority on forensic medicine in Egypt, handles a relatively large number of cases annually and relies on laboratories for assistance with molecular techniques to ensure fast and reliable identification of species of forensic interest (e.g. necrophagous insects). To date, few studies in Egypt have evaluated the use of DNA barcoding in the identification and establishment of reference libraries for insect species of important post-mortem interval indication.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Zalat_Figure2.png” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ body_font=”||||||||” body_text_align=”right” body_text_color=”#646564″ body_font_size=”16px” custom_padding=”||5px” hover_enabled=”0″ border_color_all=”#929292″ title_text=”Zalat_Figure2″]PHOTO CREDIT: Samy Zalat<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Zalat_Figure3.png” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ body_font=”||||||||” body_text_align=”right” body_text_color=”#646564″ body_font_size=”16px” custom_margin=”||50px” hover_enabled=”0″ border_color_all=”#929292″ title_text=”Calliphoridae”]

Egyptian records of blow flies (Calliphoridae). Maggots (larva) are scavengers and adults are plant visitors.<\/p>\n

PHOTO CREDIT:\u00a0Ramadan Mounir<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ custom_padding=”||75px|||”]Aly & Wen5<\/sup> studied the applicability of a 296-bp cytochrome c<\/em> oxidase I (COI) sequence as a reliable mitochondrial genetic marker for the identification of forensically important flies following previous research showing the efficacy of a short COI marker in this group6<\/sup>. The study analyzed 16 species of blowflies (Calliphoridae), flesh flies (Sarcophagidae), and house flies (Muscidae) originating from Egypt and China and concluded that a shorter COI fragment is simple, cheap, and reproducible but lacks agreement with traditional morphological classification. In a follow-up investigation, Aly7<\/sup> examined the reliability of long (1173-bp) vs. short (272-bp) COI markers for 18 species of the same 3 dipteran families from Egypt and China. The results indicated that the longer COI marker performed better than the shorter marker for dipterous identification due to better monophyletic separation and concordance with taxonomic classifications.\n\nA more in-depth survey of the genetic diversity of forensically important blowflies (Calliphoridae) revealed numerous haplotypes among 158 specimens collected from four locations in Egypt (Giza, Dayrout, Minya, and North Sinai)8<\/sup>. Three particularly important species (Chrysomya albiceps<\/em>, Chrysomya ,<\/em> Chrysomya marginalis)<\/em> were well-differentiated using COI supporting its use for subfamily-, genera-, and species-level identification of blowflies.\n\nMost importantly for forensics use, COI is highly effective at identifying different developmental stages of forensically important flies, including larvae, pupae, and even empty, otherwise difficult to identify morphologically. Five different species of Diptera and their immature stages from Alexandria, Egypt including Chrysomya albiceps<\/em>, Chrysomya megacephala<\/em>, Calliphora vicina<\/em>, Lucilia sericata<\/em>, and Ophyra capensis, <\/em>were correctly identified using mitochondrial DNA markers9<\/sup>.\n\nPest and parasite dynamics:<\/strong> DNA barcoding has also played an important role in the identification of pests and parasites. Seventeen species of mealybug pests (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) have been identified by DNA barcoding specimens collected from populations infesting various crops and ornamental plants in Egypt and France10<\/sup>. The genetic variation found between populations of the same species using a combination of three markers (28S-D2, COI, and ITS2) and morphological examination indicated cryptic taxa that might respond differently to management strategies.\n\nHigh diversity and rapid diversification were found in the head louse, Pediculus humanus<\/em> (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)11<\/sup>. P. humanus <\/em>includes two morphologically indistinguishable subspecies: the head louse, P. humanus <\/em> and the body louse, P. humanus<\/em>. By analyzing sequence diversity of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) in 837 specimens of Pediculus humanus<\/em> from Egypt, Pakistan, and South Africa, high diversity and the occurrence of five mitochondrial lineages was revealed with implications for the spread of disease.\n\nConclusion:<\/strong> DNA barcoding of crop pests and pollinators, in addition to disease-carrying insect-vectors, will continue to be the top priority for the Egyptian government. Egypt actively enacts laws, carries out research, increases public awareness, engages local communities in the management of protected areas, and implements projects funded by Egypt and other international donors to protect biodiversity. These motivations place Egypt in a valuable position among other countries joining iBOL in support of BIOSCAN, a project that will build a global monitoring system for the planet.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px”]

References:<\/h4>\n

1. Egypt\u2019s Fifth Biodiversity National Report (2014). Ministry of Environmental Affairs, Cairo, Egypt.<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0Coastal<\/g> and marine biodiversity in Egypt (2018). United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Conference (CBD COP14), Sharm El Sheikh. Ministry of Environment.<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0Abdel-Samie E, ElKafrawy I, Osama M, Ageez A (2018) Molecular phylogeny and identification of the Egyptian wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) based on COI mitochondrial gene sequences. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control.<\/em> 28: 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41938-018-0038-z<\/a><\/p>\n

4. Ashfaq M, Sabir JSM, El-Ansary<\/g> HO, Perez K, Levesque-Beaudin V, Khan AM, Rasool A, Gallant C, Addesi Jo, Hebert PDN (2018) Insect diversity in the Saharo<\/g>-Arabian region: revealing a little-studied fauna by DNA barcoding. PLoS ONE<\/em> 13(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199965<\/a><\/p>\n

5. Aly SM, Wen J (2013) Molecular identification of forensically relevant Diptera inferred from short<\/g> mitochondrial genetic marker. Libyan Journal of Medicine<\/em> 8:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ljm.v8i0.20954<\/a><\/p>\n

6. Zehner R, Amendt J, Schutt S, Sauer J, Krettek R, Povolny D. (2004) Genetic identification of forensically important flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). International Journal of Legal Medicine<\/em> 118(4): 245\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-004-0445-4<\/a><\/p>\n

7. Aly SM (2014) Reliability of long vs short COI markers in identification<\/g> of forensically important flies. Croatian Medical Journal. <\/em>55(1): 19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3325\/cmj.2014.55.19<\/a><\/p>\n

8. Salem A, Adham F, Picard C (2015) Survey of the genetic diversity of forensically important Chrysomya<\/em> (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Medical Entomology<\/em> 52(3):320\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jme\/tjv013<\/a><\/p>\n

9. Abdel Ghaffar HA, Moftah MZ, Favereaux A, Swidan M, Shalaby O, El Ramah S, Gamal R (2018) Mitochondrial DNA-based identification of developmental stages and empty puparia<\/g> of forensically important flies (Diptera<\/em>) in Egypt. Journal of Forensic Science & Medicine<\/em> 4(3): 129\u2013134. http:\/\/www.jfsmonline.com\/text.asp?2018\/4\/3\/129\/242508<\/a><\/p>\n

10. Abd-Rabou S, Shalaby H, Germain J, Ris N (2012) Identification of mealybut<\/g> pest species (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Egypt and France, using a DNA barcoding approach. Bulletin of Entomological Research<\/em> 102(5):515\u2013523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007485312000041<\/a><\/p>\n

11. Ashfaq M, Prosser S, Nasir S, Masood M, Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN (2015) High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus<\/em> (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera). Scientific Reports<\/em>, 14188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep14188<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_orientation=”center”]

Written by<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_team_member name=”Samy Zalat” position=”Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Samy_Zalat1.png” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” body_font=”||||||||” text_orientation=”center” border_radii_image=”on|50px|50px|50px|50px”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_team_member name=”Mona Mahmoud” position=”Nature & Science Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Dr-Mona-photo.png” _builder_version=”3.22.2″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”19px” body_font=”||||||||” body_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”92%” module_alignment=”center” border_radii_image=”on|50px|50px|50px|50px”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.21.4″ custom_margin=”||1px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” text_font=”||||||||” text_orientation=”center”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2019_Zalat.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Download PDF” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”12px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#003254″ button_icon=”%%26%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” hover_enabled=”0″ box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_horizontal=”3px” box_shadow_vertical=”11px”][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.7″ text_font_size=”14px” text_orientation=”center” hover_enabled=”0″]

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About the Bulletin<\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0Glossary<\/a><\/a> | Archive<\/a> | iBOL Consortium<\/a> | iBOL News<\/a> | Contact Us<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
From insect diversity to pests to forensics, DNA barcoding plays a vital role in Egyptian biodiversity conservation and legislative protection efforts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\n
C. Matthews<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, J. Dorey<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, S. Groom<\/em>2<\/em><\/sup>, O. Davies<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, E. Freedman<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, J. Holder<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, B. Parslow<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, M. Schwarz<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, M. Stevens<\/em>3,4<\/em><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n
1 <\/sup>School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia 
2 <\/sup>School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 
3 <\/sup>South Australian Museum, GPO Box 234, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia 
4 <\/sup>School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fiji\u2019s entomological diversity has historically\nbeen considered depauperate. Recent widespread DNA barcoding efforts, however,\nfrom the South Australian Museum, Flinders University and University of South\nAustralia, along with a flurry of undergraduate, honours and PhD students, have\nhelped to uncover some of the hidden secrets of biodiversity within this\ntopographically complex archipelago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Since 2010, funding from the Australian\n& Pacific Science Foundation and Australian Commonwealth New Colombo Plan, along\nwith support from students, has enabled fieldwork focused on collecting bees,\nwasps, and butterflies across all the major Fijian islands. Trekking up the\ntallest mountains, four wheel driving across challenging terrain, and following\nthe meandering rivers of inland Fiji has revealed that initial estimations of\nFiji\u2019s entomological fauna have been severely underestimated. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
DNA barcoding over 1,000 bee specimens has increased species richness estimates from 4 species (known since 1979) up to 26 endemic species in the genus Homalictus. <\/em>Interestingly, 60% of these new species are only found above 800 m elevation which comprise a mere 2% of land area of Fiji, and often restricted to single mountain tops. From extensive barcoding, mitochondrial haplotype diversity was used to explore the level of intraspecific gene flow in the widespread species of the genus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"Haplotype<\/a>
Haplotype network of all sequenced HOMALICTUS fijiensis (N=358) coloured by sampling locality. Hash marks represent nucleotide changes between each haplotype. Shared haplotypes represented by circles with multiple colours. Circle outline representing highland or lowland sampling. (b) Sampling map of H. fijiensis coloured by geographic sampling locality.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
These results also indicate that gene flow is being restricted within highland localities of the most widespread Homalictus <\/em>species. Dispersal from a species home range does not appear to be occurring in Fiji, which may be presenting a contemporary model of speciation that is predominantly influenced by past climatic fluctuations. There is an estimated crown age of 400 ka for the initial Fijian Homalictus <\/em>colonisation, which would result in the genus being present for several glacial cycles. During glacial maxima, cooler climate would be ubiquitous throughout Fiji, however during glacial minima and interglacial periods there is a distinction between cool highland and warm lowland climate. DNA barcoding results indicate that the largest diversification of this genus is concordant with the most recent glacial minima, as species that were freely dispersing during glacial maxima are forced to retreat into highland refugia. Combined with the inferred haplotype networks, these results indicate that restriction due to low thermal tolerance of lowland climate is driving the extraordinary highland species richness in Fiji. Further to the work on bees, we have also started barcoding Fiji\u2019s butterfly fauna, along with the first ever species of Gasteruption<\/em>, a parasitoid wasp genus, found in Fiji. The species, Gasteruption tomanivi<\/em> (Published in Zootaxa by PhD student Ben Parslow), was found at the peak of Fiji\u2019s highest mountain. These discoveries have highlighted how little is known about the entomofauna of Fiji and how the use of DNA barcoding has helped to uncover Fiji\u2019s hidden secrets of biodiversity. <\/p>\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[56,91,30,33,7,35,92,45,102,101],"coauthors":[114,118],"class_list":["post-902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research","tag-agricultural-pests","tag-diptera","tag-egypt","tag-forensics","tag-hymenoptera","tag-parasites","tag-pests","tag-reference-library","tag-species-distribution","tag-species-diversity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/902","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=902"}],"version-history":[{"count":43,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/902\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4585,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/902\/revisions\/4585"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=902"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=902"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=902"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=902"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}