{"id":3848,"date":"2020-03-20T14:43:24","date_gmt":"2020-03-20T18:43:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/?p=3848"},"modified":"2020-07-13T15:03:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-13T19:03:21","slug":"local-wildlife-enthusiasts-drive-dna-barcode-library-building-in-the-uk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/nation-activities\/local-wildlife-enthusiasts-drive-dna-barcode-library-building-in-the-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"Local wildlife enthusiasts drive DNA barcode library building in the UK"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.22.7″ background_blend=”multiply” custom_padding=”0px|0px|3px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” subhead=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9leGNlcnB0Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJ3b3JkcyI6IiIsInJlYWRfbW9yZV9sYWJlbCI6IiJ9fQ==@” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ _dynamic_attributes=”title,subhead” title_font=”|||||on|||” content_font=”||||||||” content_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.8)” content_font_size=”16px” subhead_font=”||on||||||” subhead_text_color=”#ffffff” subhead_font_size=”16px” background_color=”rgba(168,211,103,0)” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#000000″ background_color_gradient_end=”#91201e” background_color_gradient_end_position=”70%” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” custom_margin_tablet=”” custom_margin_phone=”” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Wilson_Figure1.jpg” show_in_lightbox=”on” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ max_width=”95%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-20px||20px” box_shadow_style=”preset1″][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22.3″ custom_padding=”0|0px|7px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_padding=”0|0px|27px|0px|false|false” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px” custom_padding=”||0px|||”]

Distribution of DNA barcode records for the United Kingdom.<\/em><\/p>\n

IMAGE:\u00a0BOLD Sytems 2020-03-10<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ specialty=”on” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ custom_padding=”0px|||||”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ specialty_columns=”3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”3.29.3″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.29.3″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” custom_padding=”||0px|||” text_font_size_tablet=”” text_font_size_phone=”16px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone”]

D<\/span>espite some notable achievements, such as a complete DNA barcode library for the native plants of Wales<\/a><\/span>, the UK has lagged behind other European countries when it comes to growing its DNA barcode library. On BOLD there are 24,555 DNA barcode records for specimens collected in the UK (from 5,484 species) which is very similar to Austria<\/a><\/span> (24,513 records, from 5,375 species), a landlocked country with roughly one third the land area and one seventh the human population. Germany leads Europe<\/a><\/span> with 167,458 records from 14,805 species.<\/p>\n

    <\/ol>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″]

    The UK is working to catch-up through a number of high-profile initiatives designed to populate and fill gaps in the UK\u2019s DNA barcode library and, in particular, bring BIOSCAN<\/span> <\/a>to UK insects.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px”]

    Distribution of DNA barcodes records for the United Kingdom.
    IMAGE: BOLD Systems from 2020-03-10<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″ custom_css_main_element=”margin:auto;”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Wilson_Figure5.jpg” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″]

    The Darwin Tree of Life<\/a> project is being led by the Wellcome Sanger Institute and involves a consortium of institutes, universities, museums, and agencies, including the Natural History Museum and Royal Botanical Gardens Kew. The project aims to deliver public DNA barcodes for 10,000 species by 2023 and ultimately sequence the genomes of all 66,000 species of plants, fungi, protozoa, and animals that are found in the UK.<\/p>\n

    DEFRA (the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs) has established a Centre of Excellence for Environmental Genomic Applications. This virtual centre recognises the absolute necessity of DNA barcode libraries to meet its aims<\/a><\/span> of \u201capplying genomics methods (eDNA and metabarcoding) to detect rare and invasive species, evaluate the effectiveness of conservation interventions, monitor the status and trends for key assemblages and taxa, and assess ecosystem health, functioning, and resilience\u201d1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

    What is special about these initiatives is that they capitalize on the UK\u2019s large community of local wildlife enthusiasts. A recent workshop organised by BugLife (the Invertebrate Conservation Trust) and Natural England (<\/span>the UK government\u2019s adviser for the natural environment in England) to examine \u201cgaps\u201d in BOLD for \u201ckey English invertebrates\u201d brought together members of the Caddisfly Recording Scheme, Cranefly Recording Scheme, the British Dragonfly Society, the Amateur Entomologists\u2019 Society, amongst others. The UK\u2019s exceptional network of dedicated volunteer wildlife recorders already contribute thousands of records to taxon-focussed databases such as the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS), Local Record Centres, and through apps such as iSpot<\/a><\/span> and iRecord<\/a><\/span> which transmit data to the NBN (National Biodiversity Network) Atlas<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Wilson_Figure2.jpg” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px”]

    Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve, one of the most important wildlife sites in England.
    PHOTO CREDIT: Gary Hedges<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ custom_padding=”||0px|||”]

    The Darwin Tree of Life project kicked off last summer about 25 km north of Liverpool at Ainsdale Sand Dunes National Nature Reserve with a <\/span>DNA Bioblitz<\/a><\/span> attended by a team of local recorders including National Museums Liverpool entomologists. These local experts are passionate, driven and keen to contribute to DNA barcode libraries, but don\u2019t necessarily have background knowledge in molecular biology or a basic skill set in \u201cwet\u201d lab techniques.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″ custom_css_main_element=”margin:auto;”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Wilson_Figure4.jpg” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px”]

    Participants during the World Museum DNA Barcoding Workshop in February 2020.
    PHOTO CREDIT: Leanna Dixon<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″]

    To address this we recently ran a DNA barcoding workshop at World Museum Liverpool for eleven prominent local recorders connected with the Tanyptera Project. The Tanyptera Project<\/a><\/span> is a seven-year initiative funded by the Tanyptera Trust to promote the study and conservation of insects and other invertebrates in the Lancashire and Cheshire region of Northwest England. To our knowledge this was one of the first DNA barcoding workshops run solely for non-professional scientists.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Wilson_Figure3.jpg” _builder_version=”4.4.1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px”]

    Sphecodes ferruginatus<\/em> female blood bee collected in Cheshire, England.
    PHOTO CREDIT: Chloe Aldridge<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.1″]

    The 1.5-day workshop covered the key steps in DNA barcoding from lab to BOLD2<\/sup>. Participants brought along their own invertebrates collected during recent local fieldwork and all successfully produced DNA barcodes for their specimens, which included springtails, bees, a cranefly, other flies, beetles, and spiders. The specimens have been vouchered into World Museum Liverpool\u2019s National Entomology Collection which includes over 1 million specimens, and the sequences have been submitted to BOLD. One participant was able to confirm the first record<\/a><\/span> of a Nationally Scarce blood bee in Cheshire – Sphecodes ferruginatus<\/em> – raising interesting hypotheses about its potential host species.<\/p>\n

    At National Museums Liverpool, together with the Tanyptera Project, we are committed to continue developing our DNA barcoding educational offering for local wildlife enthusiasts and supporting their work driving forward national initiatives to get more UK barcodes onto BOLD.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.4.1″][et_pb_text disabled_on=”on|on|off” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” custom_padding=”43px|||||”]

    References:<\/h4>\n

    1. Nelson M, Woodcock P, Maggs C (2018) Using eDNA and metabarcoding for nature conservation. Joint Nature Conservation Committee<\/em> (JNCC 18 25). Available at http:\/\/data.jncc.gov.uk\/data\/99e1f69f-c438-439f-8401-dd8a6ce17320\/JNCC18-25-Using-eDNA-and-Metabarcoding-for-Nature-Conservation.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    2. Wilson JJ, Sing KW, Jaturas N (2019) DNA barcoding: Bioinformatics workflows for beginners<\/a>. In Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. The A to Z of Bioinformatics.<\/em> Ranganathan S, Nakai K, Gribskov M & Sch\u00f6nbach C, Eds. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_orientation=”center”]

    Written by<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_team_member name=”John-James Wilson” position=”Vertebrate Zoology at World Museum, National Museums Liverpool, United Kingdom” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/John_James.png” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”17px” body_font=”||||||||” body_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”center” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”||30px||false|false”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_team_member name=”Leanna Dixon” position=”Tanyptera Project, National Museums Liverpool, United Kingdom” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Leanna_Dixon.png” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”17px” body_font=”||||||||” body_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”center” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”||30px||false|false”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_team_member name=”Gary Hedges” position=”Tanyptera Project, National Museums Liverpool, United Kingdom” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Gary-Hedges.png” _builder_version=”4.4.1″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”17px” body_font=”||||||||” body_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”center” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”||30px||false|false”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.21.4″ custom_margin=”||1px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#003254″ text_orientation=”center”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/2020-Wilson.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Download PDF” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.4.3″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”12px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#003254″ button_icon=”%%26%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” hover_enabled=”0″ box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_horizontal=”3px” box_shadow_vertical=”11px”][\/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.27.4″ custom_padding=”||50px||false|false”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_sidebar area=”et_pb_widget_area_1″ show_border=”off” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22.3″ background_color=”#000000″ custom_padding=”0|0px|2px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ title_font=”|700||on|||||” title_text_color=”#ffffff”][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Follow Along” module_id=”subscribe” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ background_color=”#f7f7f7″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#d8d8d8″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” background_color_gradient_end_position=”52%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” parallax=”on” custom_padding=”49px||0||false|false” top_divider_height=”69px” global_module=”175″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_2,1_4″ module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”0px|||” custom_padding=”27px|0px|114px|0px|false|false” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”28px” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_font_size=”28px”]

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    Researchers in the UK are spearheading a number of high-profile initiatives designed to populate and fill gaps in the national DNA barcode library<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":3854,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"2880","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[302,100,45,303],"coauthors":[299,300,301],"class_list":["post-3848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nation-activities","tag-bioblitz","tag-citizen-science","tag-reference-library","tag-united-kingdom"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3848"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3848\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4544,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3848\/revisions\/4544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3848"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=3848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}