Nee Soon Swamp Forest, Singapore<\/p>\n
PHOTO CREDIT: Wang Luan Keng<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ specialty=”on” _builder_version=”3.27.4″][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ specialty_columns=”2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”3.27.4″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.27.4″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” custom_padding=”||0px|||”] B<\/span>enthic macroinvertebrates \u2013 those animals that live at the bottoms of water bodies – are abundant, diverse, relatively immobile, and responsive to environmental stresses, and these traits make them ideal indicators of the quality of aquatic ecosystems. Our study<\/a><\/strong> demonstrates the utility of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms as an efficient and rapid tool for monitoring efforts.<\/p>\n In freshwater ecosystems, non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) often constitute the majority of diversity and biomass with different chironomid species varying in their sensitivity to environmental changes. But, when monitoring these habitats, chironomids are either ignored entirely or not studied at a species-level because morphological assessments are expensive and laborious, and the identification literature is based on adults while larvae are most often collected.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Figure-1-Chironomid-image-Bilgenur-Baloglu.jpg” _builder_version=”3.24.1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px” custom_padding=”||3px|||”]Chironomid adults collected from Nee Soon Swamp Forest. Different chironomid species vary in their sensitivity to environmental parameters. \n\nPHOTO CREDIT: Bilgenur Baloglu<\/span>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″]The solution? NGS platforms. They allow for fast and effective species-level assessments of large-scale samples at low cost (less than $0.40 USD\/specimen). Moreover, there is a high congruence between molecular and morphological identification, enabling a detailed examination of the composition of taxonomically complex communities1,2<\/sup>.\n\nFreshwater swamp forests \u2013 the forested wetlands occurring along rivers and lakes \u2013 are home to various endemic and endangered species with 33% of birds and 45% of mammals either threatened or endangered on the IUCN Red List3<\/sup>, and with most of the insect fauna unknown. These ecosystems are under threat worldwide from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate crisis. Most of the world\u2019s tropical swamp forests are found in Southeast Asia\u2019s Indo-Malayan region collectively occupying more than\u200913 million ha4<\/sup> among many geographically separated peninsulas and islands. Nee Soon swamp forest is the largest remnant (90 ha) of its kind in Singapore and thus of high national conservation value. [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”2″ make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”||0px|||”][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_main_element=”margin:auto;” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/BB-Nee-Soon-2.jpg” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ hover_enabled=”0″ title_text=”BB Nee Soon 2″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/BB-Nee-Soon-1.png” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ hover_enabled=”0″ title_text=”BB Nee Soon 1″][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”16px” custom_padding=”||20px”] Bilge Baloglu\u00a0sampling water DNA from Singapore\u2019s largest swamp forest remnant<\/span>. We generated DNA barcodes using NGS to study chironomids among the natural swamp forest Nee Soon and three adjacent man-made reservoirs. We wanted to understand the effects of urbanization and to know whether the chironomid fauna of Nee Soon is resistant to, that is, minimally impacted by, the adjacent reservoirs. We sampled >14,000 chironomid specimens (both adults and larvae) as part of a freshwater quality monitoring program, and quantified species richness and compositional changes using NGS and DNA barcoding.<\/p>\n Our study showed that Singapore\u2019s biggest swamp forest remnant maintains a rich and largely unique fauna of about 350 species. The minimal species overlap between sites indicated that the Nee Soon swamp forest is resistant against the invasion of species from surrounding artificial reservoirs.\u00a0<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”3.25″][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.7″ hover_enabled=”0″] These findings suggest that even small or fragmented swamp forests can be suitable habitats for chironomids, shedding light on many other swamp forests in Southeast Asia that collectively occupy a much larger area and that are threatened by destruction for oil palm plantations and paper pulp production. Overall, our study exposes the enormous power of NGS and DNA barcoding in ecological research to study ecosystem health, biological diversity, and habitat conservation.<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text disabled_on=”off|off|off” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”15px” custom_padding=”43px|||||”] 1. Brodin Y, Ejdung G, Strandberg J, Lyrholm T (2013) Improving environmental and biodiversity monitoring in the Baltic Sea using DNA barcoding of Chironomidae (Diptera). Molecular Ecology Resources<\/em>\u00a013:996\u20131004.<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0Montagna M, Mereghetti V, Lencioni V, Rossaro B (2016) Integrated taxonomy and DNA barcoding of alpine midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). PLoS One<\/em>\u00a011:e0149673<\/p>\n 3. Posa MR (2011) Peat swamp forest avifauna of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Effects of habitat loss and degradation. Biological Conservation<\/em> 144(10):2548-2556.<\/p>\n 4.\u00a0Hooijer A, Page S, Canadell JG, Silvius M, Kwadijk J, W\u00f6sten H, Jauhiainen J (2010) Current and future CO2 emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia. Biogeosciences\u00a0<\/em>7:1505\u20131514<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=”4.2.2″ background_color=”#f2f2f2″][et_pb_column_inner _builder_version=”4.2.2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.4.7″ text_text_color=”#646564″ text_font_size=”17px” hover_enabled=”0″] For full details, please refer to the\u00a0publication<\/a> in Frontiers in Zoology<\/em>.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_orientation=”center”] Written by<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_team_member name=”Bilgenur Balo\u011flu ” position=”Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, Canada” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/bilge-bilgenur.png” _builder_version=”3.27.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” header_font_size=”17px” body_font=”||||||||” body_font_size=”15px” text_orientation=”center” width=”85%” module_alignment=”center”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_divider divider_position=”center” _builder_version=”3.23.3″ custom_margin=”||1px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” text_font=”||||||||” text_text_color=”#003254″ text_orientation=”center”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2019_Baloglu.pdf” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Download PDF” button_alignment=”center” _builder_version=”4.4.7″ custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”12px” button_text_color=”#ffffff” button_bg_color=”#003254″ button_icon=”%%26%%” button_icon_color=”#ffffff” 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PHOTO CREDIT:\u00a0Dickson Ng<\/span><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_main_element=”margin:auto;” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″]References:<\/h4>\n
doi: 10.21083\/ibol.v9i1.5525<\/pre>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.23.4″ height=”0px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_sidebar area=”et_pb_widget_area_3″ show_border=”off” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ text_orientation=”center” background_layout=”dark”][\/et_pb_sidebar][et_pb_sidebar area=”et_pb_widget_area_1″ show_border=”off” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.22.3″ background_color=”#000000″ custom_padding=”0|0px|2px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ title_font=”|700||on|||||” title_text_color=”#ffffff”][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Follow Along” module_id=”subscribe” _builder_version=”3.29.3″ background_color=”#f7f7f7″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#d8d8d8″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” background_color_gradient_end_position=”52%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” parallax=”on” custom_padding=”49px||0||false|false” top_divider_height=”69px” global_module=”175″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,1_2,1_4″ module_class=” et_pb_row_fullwidth” _builder_version=”3.25″ width=”89%” width_tablet=”80%” width_phone=”” width_last_edited=”on|desktop” max_width=”89%” max_width_tablet=”80%” max_width_phone=”” max_width_last_edited=”on|desktop” custom_margin=”0px|||” custom_padding=”27px|0px|114px|0px|false|false” make_fullwidth=”on”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.27.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”28px” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_font_size=”28px”]
Don’t Miss Out!<\/h2>\n