{"id":1138,"date":"2019-04-07T09:00:08","date_gmt":"2019-04-07T13:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/?p=1138"},"modified":"2020-07-16T11:19:03","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T15:19:03","slug":"finland-takes-a-leap-into-the-bioscan-age-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/nation-activities\/finland-takes-a-leap-into-the-bioscan-age-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Finland Takes a Leap into the BIOSCAN Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ background_blend=”multiply”][et_pb_fullwidth_header title=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IiIsImFmdGVyIjoiIn19@” subhead=”@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9leGNlcnB0Iiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJ3b3JkcyI6IiIsInJlYWRfbW9yZV9sYWJlbCI6IiJ9fQ==@” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”title,subhead” content_font=”||||||||” content_text_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.8)” subhead_font=”||on||||||” subhead_text_color=”#ffffff” subhead_font_size=”16px” background_color=”rgba(168,211,103,0)” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#000000″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(168,211,103,0.93)” background_color_gradient_end_position=”82%” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|desktop”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_header][et_pb_fullwidth_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Finland-1.jpg” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ box_shadow_style=”preset1″ max_width=”95%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”-20px||20px”][\/et_pb_fullwidth_image][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.21.4″ custom_padding=”0|0px|7px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ custom_padding=”0|0px|27px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.21.4″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.4″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″]Six thousand specimens of sawflies recently processed for DNA barcoding as part of the FinBOL project.\n\nPHOTO CREDIT: Vlad Dinca[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ specialty=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ specialty_columns=”3″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_row_inner use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ padding_right_1=”50px” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.4″ text_font=”||on||||||” text_text_color=”#646564″ text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||22px”]

Written by<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_team_member name=”Marko Mutanen” position=”Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland” image_url=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Marko_mutanen.png” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ header_font=”||||||||” header_text_align=”center” body_font=”||||||||” border_radii_image=”on|50px|50px|50px|50px” text_orientation=”center” max_width=”58%” module_alignment=”center” custom_margin=”||50px”][\/et_pb_team_member][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.21.4″ custom_margin=”||1px”][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.4″ _dynamic_attributes=”content” text_font=”||||||||” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||28px”]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImRlZmF1bHQiLCJjdXN0b21fZGF0ZV9mb3JtYXQiOiIifX0=@[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider _builder_version=”3.21.4″][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_sidebar area=”et_pb_widget_area_1″ show_border=”off” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][\/et_pb_sidebar][\/et_pb_column_inner][et_pb_column_inner type=”1_2″ saved_specialty_column_type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.4″ text_font=”||||||||”]

D<\/span>NA barcoding first gained momentum in Finland in 2011 with the launch of the national Finnish Barcode of Life (FinBOL) initiative, initially funded by three major national funders \u2013 the Kone Foundation, the Finnish Cultural Foundation as well as the University of Oulu. FinBOL\u2019s main goal is to build a DNA barcode reference library for the species of Finland.<\/p>\n

Since 2015, the Academy of Finland has funded barcoding activities through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (FinBIF) which brings together all information about Finnish species under the Laji.fi portal<\/a>, including links to the DNA barcodes available on the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

With approximately 40,000 species known and 48,000 estimated, Finland\u2019s biodiversity is relatively modest in comparison to most other countries. The fauna and flora are, however, among the best investigated globally, and roughly one-half of the species are presently represented with sequence data on BOLD. Some major groups, such as butterflies, moths, and caddisflies, already have barcode sequences for virtually all species. Many experts have been closely engaged with the project and this continued collaboration will be integral to reaching our goal.<\/p>\n

Recently, the Academy of Finland provided \u20ac2.7M to FinBIF 2.0 to further strengthen the national biodiversity infrastructure. With this remarkable governmental support, we aim to add thousands of species to the DNA barcode library by the end of 2022. To reach this goal, we take advantage of the unprecedented progress in high-throughput sequencing technology that also facilitates the recovery of full barcode sequences from old museum specimens when fresh specimens are not available.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_comments show_avatar=”off” show_reply=”off” show_count=”off” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ header_font=”||||||||” form_field_font=”||on||||||” form_field_font_size=”11px” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”13px” button_font=”||||||||”][\/et_pb_comments][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.21.4″ background_color=”#000000″ custom_padding=”0|0px|2px|0px|false|false”][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.21.4″][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=”on” _builder_version=”3.21.4″ title_font=”|700||on|||||” title_text_color=”#ffffff”][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Follow Along” _builder_version=”3.21.1″ background_color=”#f7f7f7″ use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#d8d8d8″ background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(255,255,255,0)” background_color_gradient_end_position=”52%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/v4.boldsystems.org_7125_animalia.png” background_position=”center_right” custom_padding=”49px||0||false|false” top_divider_height=”69px” global_module=”175″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_row make_fullwidth=”on” custom_padding=”27px|0px|114px|0px|false|false” custom_margin=”0px|||” _builder_version=”3.2.1″][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.1″ header_font=”||||||||” header_font_size=”28px” header_2_font=”||||||||” header_2_font_size=”28px”]

Don’t Miss Out!<\/h2>\n

Subscribe to the iBOL Barcode Bulletin for updates on DNA barcoding efforts, the iBOL Consortium, and more.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code _builder_version=”3.21″][mc4wp_form][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”3.0.47″][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”3.21.3″ border_color_top=”#a8d367″ custom_padding=”0|0px|0|0px|false|false” global_module=”532″ saved_tabs=”all”][et_pb_row make_equal=”on” custom_css_main_2=”margin:auto;” _builder_version=”3.21.1″][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”3.21.1″][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/bulletin-title-whitespace.png” _builder_version=”3.21.3″ max_width_tablet=”38%” max_width_last_edited=”on|phone”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”3.21.1″][et_pb_text _builder_version=”3.21.3″]

About the Barcode Bulletin<\/a> | Archive<\/a> | iBOL Consortium<\/a> | iBOL News<\/a> | Contact Us<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With remarkable governmental support, FinBOL aims to add thousands of species to the DNA barcode library by the end of 2022.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"\n

C. Matthews<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, J. Dorey<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, S. Groom<\/em>2<\/em><\/sup>, O. Davies<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, E. Freedman<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, J. Holder<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, B. Parslow<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, M. Schwarz<\/em>1<\/em><\/sup>, M. Stevens<\/em>3,4<\/em><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 <\/sup>School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
2 <\/sup>School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
3 <\/sup>South Australian Museum, GPO Box 234, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia
4 <\/sup>School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fiji\u2019s entomological diversity has historically\nbeen considered depauperate. Recent widespread DNA barcoding efforts, however,\nfrom the South Australian Museum, Flinders University and University of South\nAustralia, along with a flurry of undergraduate, honours and PhD students, have\nhelped to uncover some of the hidden secrets of biodiversity within this\ntopographically complex archipelago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 2010, funding from the Australian\n& Pacific Science Foundation and Australian Commonwealth New Colombo Plan, along\nwith support from students, has enabled fieldwork focused on collecting bees,\nwasps, and butterflies across all the major Fijian islands. Trekking up the\ntallest mountains, four wheel driving across challenging terrain, and following\nthe meandering rivers of inland Fiji has revealed that initial estimations of\nFiji\u2019s entomological fauna have been severely underestimated. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

DNA barcoding over 1,000 bee specimens has increased species richness estimates from 4 species (known since 1979) up to 26 endemic species in the genus Homalictus. <\/em>Interestingly, 60% of these new species are only found above 800 m elevation which comprise a mere 2% of land area of Fiji, and often restricted to single mountain tops. From extensive barcoding, mitochondrial haplotype diversity was used to explore the level of intraspecific gene flow in the widespread species of the genus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Haplotype<\/a>
Haplotype network of all sequenced HOMALICTUS fijiensis (N=358) coloured by sampling locality. Hash marks represent nucleotide changes between each haplotype. Shared haplotypes represented by circles with multiple colours. Circle outline representing highland or lowland sampling. (b) Sampling map of H. fijiensis coloured by geographic sampling locality.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

These results also indicate that gene flow is being restricted within highland localities of the most widespread Homalictus <\/em>species. Dispersal from a species home range does not appear to be occurring in Fiji, which may be presenting a contemporary model of speciation that is predominantly influenced by past climatic fluctuations. There is an estimated crown age of 400 ka for the initial Fijian Homalictus <\/em>colonisation, which would result in the genus being present for several glacial cycles. During glacial maxima, cooler climate would be ubiquitous throughout Fiji, however during glacial minima and interglacial periods there is a distinction between cool highland and warm lowland climate. DNA barcoding results indicate that the largest diversification of this genus is concordant with the most recent glacial minima, as species that were freely dispersing during glacial maxima are forced to retreat into highland refugia. Combined with the inferred haplotype networks, these results indicate that restriction due to low thermal tolerance of lowland climate is driving the extraordinary highland species richness in Fiji. Further to the work on bees, we have also started barcoding Fiji\u2019s butterfly fauna, along with the first ever species of Gasteruption<\/em>, a parasitoid wasp genus, found in Fiji. The species, Gasteruption tomanivi<\/em> (Published in Zootaxa by PhD student Ben Parslow), was found at the peak of Fiji\u2019s highest mountain. These discoveries have highlighted how little is known about the entomofauna of Fiji and how the use of DNA barcoding has helped to uncover Fiji\u2019s hidden secrets of biodiversity. <\/p>\n","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[81,80,7,31],"coauthors":[163],"class_list":["post-1138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nation-activities","tag-finbol","tag-finland","tag-hymenoptera","tag-insecta"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1138"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4587,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1138\/revisions\/4587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1138"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibol.org\/barcodebulletin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}